The question is not how to deal with file separation but rather how to avoid it in the first place. The dreaded file separation is something that anyone who has ever performed root canal therapy has experienced. 1 As the saying goes, “with great power comes great responsibility,” and instrumentation with NiTi rotary systems is no exception. Today, we have the most efficient systems, utilizing nickel titanium (NiTi) rotary files that allow for a relatively quick and seamless canal preparation compared to instrumentation with stainless steel hand files. The time is gone when one might spend countless visits hand instrumenting a root canal. There has clearly been a revolution in the realm of instrumentation. Proper instrumentation is essential in achieving these goals. The goal of endodontics is not only to eliminate infection but also to ensure the tooth survives long-term. On the other hand, we must preserve radicular dentin to maintain the tooth’s structural integrity and its resistance to future fracturing. On the one hand, we must create sufficient space in the canal to accommodate irrigants and medicaments for proper disinfection. A delicate balance must be struck when instrumenting a canal. Without proper instrumentation, effective irrigation and obturation become nearly impossible, as it is the instrumentation that facilitates adequate disinfection and then obturation. It has been well-documented that the “triad” for success in endodontics includes instrumentation, irrigation, and obturation.
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